General description

Histoplasmosis is caused by the fungal pathogens Histoplasma capsulatum and Histoplasma duboisii. The vast majority of individuals exposed to these pathogens remain asymptomatic or develop only mild, flu-like symptoms, which frequently leads to underdiagnosis as many do not seek medical attention.

Risk factors for developing histoplasmosis include immunocompromised states, such as HIV infection or the administration of steroids. However, infection can also occur in immunocompetent individuals.

Clinically, histoplasmosis can present with headache and altered mental status among other symptoms. Laboratory analyses of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in affected patients typically show an increased cell count, elevated protein levels, and reduced glucose levels.